Answer:
Environment
means the surroundings or conditions of life, may be social, political,
economic, cultural, natural etc. Natural resources are used with other man made
resources in order to produce goods in agriculture, industry or other spheres
of economic activity. With continuous use of these natural resources some get
depleted, some may get degraded (lose their quality) or some may get polluted,
as such on account of these, the future generation will not get enough of such
resources for their use and that will adversely affect their output, income,
and living standards. Therefore, we should preserve environment by minimizing
harm to it
Scope of
environment consists of four segments as under:
1.
Atmosphere:
The
atmosphere implies the protective blanket of gases, surrounding the earth:It
sustains life on the earth. It saves it from the hostile environment of outer
space. It absorbs most of the cosmic rays from outer space and a major portion
of the electromagnetic radiation from the sun. It transmits only ultraviolet,
visible, near infrared radiation (300 to 2500nm) and radio waves. (0.14 to 40m)
while filtering out tissue-damaging ultraviolet waves below 300 nm. The
atmosphere is composed of nitrogen and oxygen. Besides, argon, carbon dioxide,
and trace gases.
Hydrosphere:
The
Hydrosphere comprises of all types of water resources oceans, seas, lakes,
rivers, streams, reservoir, polar icecaps, glaciers, and ground water. Nature
97% of the earth’s water supply is in the oceans,About 2% of the water
resources are locked in the polar icecaps and glaciers. Only about 1% is
available as fresh surface water-rivers, lakes streams, and ground water fit to
be used for human consumption and other uses.
3.
Lithosphere:
Lithosphere
is the outer mantle of the solid earth. It consists of minerals occurring in
the earth’s crust and the soil e.g. minerals, organic matter, air and water.
4.
Biosphere: Biosphere
indicates the realm of living organisms and
their interactions with environment, viz atmosphere, hydrosphere and
lithosphere..
Principles
for Sustainable Development
• Revive
Growth
• Change
the Quality of Growth
• Conserve
and Enhance the Resource Base
• Ensure
A Sustainable Level of Population
• Reorient
Technology and Manage Risks
• Integrate
Environment and Economics
• Reform
International Economic Relations
• Strengthen
International Economic Cooperation.
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