Write any three ways to increase employment opportunities for people in India.

Ans. Employment opportunities for people can be increased in the following ways :–

(a) In villages more irrigation facilities should be provided so that farmers can grow more crops and they would be engaged though out the year.

The rain water harvesting is another such activity which is very crucial in rural areas.

The technique of preparing compost manure should be given to villagers.

(b) Agro-based industries should be set up in villages so that farmers could get good prices for their products. For example, sugar mills.

(c) People should be given easy loan facilities which would help them to start their own enterprises.

Explain what is meant by disguised unemployment? Give examples from rural and urban areas where disguised unemployment exists.

Ans. Disguised employment is a hidden unemployment. It means a person seems to be working but actually his contribution is zero he is not required there. If he is taken out of the job, no difference in the productivity would be felt.

In rural areas all family members work on the agricultural field but all the work can be done only by one person alone. Rest are just engaged. In urban areas, casual workers do petty jobs. They are not employed adequately.

This is a situation of surplus labour in agriculture. It may also be said that the marginal productivity of  labour is zero.

What steps should be taken to create more employment? Explain.

Ans. Following steps can be taken to create more employment :—

(i) Increase in irrigation facilities :- Without irrigation only a single crop is grown in most agricultural fields. It means less working opportunities, but if irrigation is provided two or three crops can be grown on the same field. So more people will be employed.

(ii) Improved Roads and Transportation :- If village roads are better built, good transportation facilities are provided then, surplus produce could be sold in city market. This would fetch more income.

(iii) Provide them easy loan :- If people are provided easy bank loans then they could start small business which will make them self dependent.

 (iv) Save environment, work for rain water harvesting, social forestry and open agro- industries.